International Journal of Global Community

Enforcement of Human Rights in Palestine Compared to Indonesia

2024-11-09T20:34:24+07:00

This study examines the enforcement of human rights in Palestine and Indonesia, providing a comparative analysis to highlight key differences and derive insights. It delves into the human rights situation in both countries, particularly focusing on how the Israeli occupation systematically violates Palestinian rights, with special emphasis on recent developments after October 7, 2023. The research uses an analytical and comparative methodology. The findings indicate that while both Indonesian and Palestinian legislators recognize human rights as constitutional, enforcement varies significantly. In Indonesia, being an independent and democratic state with full sovereignty, human rights are better enforced. The country has a dedicated human rights law, an independent court for human rights protection, and institutions held accountable by the people. On the other hand, Palestine faces substantial challenges under Israeli military occupation due to the lack of sovereignty and independence. Law enforcement efforts are further hindered by political division, disrupted democratic processes, and the absence of a dedicated human rights law and court. Additionally, the suspension of elections since 2007 has caused a stagnation in democratic transitions. Cultural differences also affect how rights are practiced. Indonesia's diverse cultural landscape means that the interpretation of human rights varies across regions, whereas Palestine's more homogeneous culture leads to a more unified approach. For instance, women's rights in Indonesia are broader, granting women greater freedoms compared to those in Palestine. This difference underscores Indonesia’s relative advancement in the enforcement of human rights compared to Palestine.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Solid Waste Management (SWM) Among Households in Suyac Island, Sagay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

2024-11-09T20:34:42+07:00

The global economy is generating increasing amounts of complex waste, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. Proper solid waste management (SWM) remains a significant environmental challenge in the Philippines, with issues such as improper disposal, inefficient or nonexistent collection, and inadequate facilities. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of households in Suyac Island, Sagay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines, towards SWM. This research utilized a descriptive design, incorporating a validated survey questionnaire and checklist to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of residents regarding household waste management. Results found that respondents generated more non-biodegradable waste than biodegradable waste. Older respondents and those with lower education levels generated higher amounts of waste. Respondents demonstrated a strong understanding of solid waste management principles, as evidenced by their high scores (4.10-5.00) in a knowledge assessment. They were highly aware of the human-generated nature of solid waste, its environmental impact, and the importance of proper segregation and disposal. Additionally, respondents expressed positive attitudes towards waste management, including personal responsibility, participation in community clean-ups, and information sharing. They also expressed high levels of concern about the waste situation in their municipality and the importance of proper waste disposal. While respondents demonstrated a strong understanding of SWM principles and a willingness to participate in waste management initiatives, the study also highlighted the need for improvements in waste collection, storage, and disposal practices.

SIM Card Number as Property Right of User: Privacy Data Perspective

2024-11-09T20:34:43+07:00

The use of applications, especially financial apps and social media, requires a mobile phone number or SIM Card Number as the main prerequisite in operating the program. Mobile phone numbers are useful for synchronizing customers' personal data. This research aims to examine the ministerial regulation on the reuse of SIM Card numbers based on Personal Data Protection. This research is normative research conducted by examining various formal legal rules such as laws, regulations, international conventions, and literature containing theoretical concepts that are associated with the problems to be discussed in this study. The results of this study indicate that (1) the SIM Card Number Provider has absolute ownership rights over the number, and (2) the current law has not specifically regulated the reuse of SIM Card numbers from a privacy data perspective. Here, with the current use of financial technology and its relation to customer numbers, it is potentially easier to breach one's personal data resulting in material and immaterial breaches.

A Call for Amendments of ICCPR to Uphold Freedom of Expression Online: A Case Study of Iran

2024-11-09T20:34:43+07:00

In the digital era, internet censorship poses a significant threat to freedom of expression, particularly evident in Iran where government-imposed filtering firmly restricts online discourse. Despite scholarly attention to censorship's mechanisms, gaps in international conventions like the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) remain understudied. This research examines internet censorship in Iran to identify ICCPR deficiencies enabling online expression restrictions. Employing qualitative methods, it scrutinizes data from diverse sources, including library, electronic, interviews, and reports. The paper traces Iran's history of censorship, delineates its impact on expression, and critiques the limitations of the ICCPR. The findings advocate for revisions to the ICCPR, advocating for transparent aims, publication of restrictions, designated oversight bodies, and recognition of the right to remedy. Incorporating insights from Iran, this study urges policymakers to fortify international legal frameworks, fostering a democratic digital space globally while respecting legitimate concerns.

Good Faith in the Business Judgment Rule As Grounds For Erasing the Unlawful Nature

2024-11-13T23:58:39+07:00

Abstract

Article 97 paragraph (5) of Law Number 40 Year 2007 on Limited Liability Company contains vague norm interpretation because it does not explicitly provide limitations on the meaning of good faith as one of the main requirements for the Board of Directors not to be liable for losses due to decisions taken. This research examines the meaning of good faith in the decision-making of the Board of Directors of state-owned companies, and whether good faith in the business judgment rule can be used as grounds for erasing the unlawful nature of corruption in state-owned companies. The research uses normative juridical method with statutory approach, concept approach, comparative approach and case approach. Legal materials are analyzed with descriptive analytical techniques, determining the meaning of legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines. The results of the study concluded that good faith in the business judgment rule is an honest and proper management action in the interests of the company that is not against the law and/or is not an act to take the opportunity for personal gain. Good faith in the business judgment rule can be grounds for erasing the unlawful nature of corruption crimes that harm state finances in state-owned companies (SOE), even though it is not explicitly regulated in the Criminal Law. The Indonesian legal system allows norms and principles outside of criminal law to be considered in legal judgment.

Keywords: Good Faith, Business Judgment Rule, Grounds for Erasure, The Unlawful Nature.